What is a key factor in determining the need for protective systems in excavation?

The need for protective systems in excavation primarily hinges on the depth and nature of the soil. This is crucial because different soil types exhibit varying characteristics, such as stability, cohesiveness, and drainage properties, which can directly influence the risk of cave-ins or collapses during excavation activities. When assessing an excavation site, understanding both the depth of the trench or pit and the soil composition helps determine the necessary protective measures, such as shoring or shielding, to ensure worker safety.

For instance, deeper excavations generally pose a higher risk of cave-ins, as the weight of the soil above can exert significant pressure. Conversely, certain soil types, such as sandy or loose soil, are more prone to shifting and collapse than other types, such as clay or compacted gravel, which may offer better stability. Therefore, thorough soil analysis and evaluation of excavation depth are fundamental in establishing effective safety protocols.