What can happen if an excavation lacks adequate protective systems?

When an excavation lacks adequate protective systems, the primary concern is the safety of workers. Protective systems, such as trench boxes, shoring, and shielding, are designed to prevent collapses and protect workers from falling soil and debris. Without these systems in place, there is a significant risk of trench collapses, which can lead to serious injuries or fatalities among workers.

Inadequate protective measures can result in unstable conditions that endanger personnel who are working in or near the excavation. Workers could be trapped or injured by falling materials, leading not only to potential loss of life but also to long-term impacts on their health. Therefore, the essential reason for implementing these safety systems is to safeguard the workforce, making option B the correct answer.