What are the signs of soil instability in an excavation?

The signs of soil instability in an excavation are indicated by the presence of cracks, bulges, or excessive moisture in the soil. These conditions signal that the soil may not be adequately supported and is at risk of collapsing or shifting. Cracks and bulges suggest uneven pressures within the soil that can lead to failure, while excessive moisture can weaken the soil's structure, making it more susceptible to instability. Recognizing these signs is crucial for maintaining safety during excavation work, as they help workers identify potential hazards before they lead to accidents or injuries.